The Concept Of Corporate Social Responsibility Csr - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1000 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? The concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been integrated in a significant number of private companies across the globe. To be able to fully comprehend the role of CSR in both the corporations and society as well gauge its effectiveness in addressing social issues, CSR must first be appropriately defined. CSR as stated by Mintzberg is the corporations undertaking specific actions that will serve the society beyond greed and selfish acts while another definition refers to the concept wherein companies apply social and environmental aspects in their business operations as well as in their interaction with stakeholders. Mintzberg describes several concepts of CSR. The first form is the ideal concept of CSR in which corporations practice CSR to be socially responsible. In this ideal state, corporations do not expect anything in return for their CSR initiatives. Another form of CSR is developed and implemented to uphold the companies interest. Such corpo rations anticipate the return of their CSR investments whether in tangible or intangible form. Related to this form is the third concept of CSR in which corporations view the practice as a sound investment. The theory of sound investment states that the stock market responds to the corporations actions and as such attitudes reflecting social responsibility will be rewarded by the market. The last form of CSR is applied to prevent the intervention of external forces such as political influences. In this CSR application, the corporation practices CSR to avoid the authorities interference through legislation. While corporations have been consistently part of the society, their specific roles and obligations have been vague which led to very subjective interpretations of both the private and public domain. Increased awareness of the corporations responsibilities can create opportunities for the community to act as powerful key players in the society. Another classification of CSRs includes Strategic CSR. This type refers to the case wherein a company conducts activities related to community service to be able to accomplish business goals. Strategic CSR is often viewed as generating results that is good for both the company and the society. Throughout the years, public perception regarding the role of companies in the society has remarkably changed. During the latter part of the 1970s, two to one of the British public believe that the profits made by companies positively impact the consumers. 80 % of the public stands that corporations have a moral duty to fulfill to the society, however 61 % of consumers also believe that these companies are interested in neither the environment nor social responsibility. The gap between the publics expectation and their perception of the company can be addressed by the practice of CSR. However, adapting CSR entails understanding of key stakeholders. The concept of stakeholders was defined as any individual or groups w hich can affect or may be affected by the companys achievement of its objectives. The stakeholders theory further states that the company has a responsibility for both the society and its share holders.   The internal and external stakeholders of a company are mutually dependent on each other. External stakeholders refer to the key players which composes the companys framework which can affect its identified opportunities and threats. Internal stakeholders meanwhile remain a part of and are dependent upon the daily operations which restrict the strengths and weaknesses of the company in the market. The most important external stakeholder is the media. Being the ambassador of messages as well as opinions, the perception of a company caused by the medias influence may affect the rest of the publics view. Thus, in communicating CSR and other business strategies to the public, it is important for the corporation to convey its message through a strong and sincere person. Being ab le to communicate the business initiatives of a company significantly affects their chances of generating benefits from CSR. The publics general awareness of the CSR concept has relatively kept the debate within the public domain. The value of CSR often shows in periods of crisis such as in the case of the multinational construction company, Skanska Group. In terms of CSR, the company has been viewed by the public to be operating in a global scale but is facing issue on CSR not to mention the history of bad publicity. In 2005, the group faced a scandal regarding the massive use of cartels in the industry. As high as 46% of the managers admitted their awareness of such dealings in their business this aggravated the perception of low ethical standards. The Skanska group has not been found guilty of the cartel scandal but the companys history showed similar concerns thus the need to resolve the issue in a CSR approach. During this period, the media was ruthless in their projection o f the companys involvement in the cartel, thus the credibility of the Skanska group was significantly damaged. Since the incident, Skanska has worked specifically on its awareness of CSR and has initiated efforts that address sustainability issues such as the social, financial and environmental values of its operations. In contrast to the bad publicity generated by the Skanska group, Motorola has been receiving positive publicity due to its remarkable CSR contributions to its stakeholders. One of the leading manufacturing companies in the mobile phone industry, Motorola received the Best Corporate Citizenship Practice in 2004 after its initiative in contributing to the Hope project and the training provided to local suppliers and partners.   The Hope project is a nationwide project that aims to assist in the education of underprivileged children. Motorolas initiative to conduct management training courses to approximately 4,000 managers in state owned companies across the natio n. In the same year, the company also received the 2004 Most Influential Multinational in China after a conducted survey revealed that the company achieved high ranks on almost every aspect of the survey. The company particularly ranked high on internal process, corporate image, financial health, market competitiveness, leadership, corporate culture, human resources and crisis management. The general public as well as industry experts and employees of multi-national companies in the country participated in the survey. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Concept Of Corporate Social Responsibility Csr" essay for you Create order

The Death Penalty Is Righteous Essay - 556 Words

The Death Penalty Is Righteous Do you believe that people should get the death penalty? People should get the death penalty because Americans are just wasting our money on criminals who arent learning their lesson. People should get the death penalty because they have far too many privileges in prison that people actually want to go there. People should get the death penalty because if there is a bigger consequence for their actions there wouldnt be as many people in jail. It would be advantageous for the American civilization to adopt the death penalty as a common penalty. For example, incarceration isnt a tool that is working to fight crime. As a matter of fact professionals will tell you that incarceration does very†¦show more content†¦population. Nationally, every 7 minutes another person enters prison, and every 14 minutes someone returns to the streets. The increase in prison population did not reduce crime(National Criminal Justice Commission 33). In most prisons felons have access to a startling array of creature comforts(Bidinotto 77). If our prisons are such resorts, simply open the gates and see how many run out, and how many walk in(Taylor 85). In conclusion, people should get the death penalty because our prisons arent punishing them. Finally, American criminals should get the death penalty in order to stop the wasting of tax payers money. The real-world fact is that many treatment programs a re simply not effective(Walters 36). Professionals will tell you prisons dont stop crime, yet we go on spending billions of dollars in order to lock up more and more people. Tax payers continue to pour money into prison construction and operations in a way that competes with funding for education and other quality-of-life programs. Hundreds of billions of dollars have poured from taxpayers checking accounts into penal institutions and the businesses that serve them(National Criminal Justice Commission 37). The number of Americans in prison has Quadrupled in the past twenty years(Campaign for an Effective Crime Policy 46). Even with all of this spending- tripling prison populations- the level of crime has essentially remained unchanged over the past 20Show MoreRelatedJustification in The Old and New Testaments Essays168 1 Words   |  7 Pagesjust one crime, but to every sin the justified man has ever committed or will commit. Paul declares that we have no penalty to pay for sin, which includes past, present or future sins that we may commit. Those who have been justified by faith, â€Å"There is therefore now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus† (Rom. 8:1). Therefore, if we are justified there is no penalty to pay for sin and we are free to any charge of guilt or condemnation. Douglas Moo writes it beautifully, â€Å"BecauseRead MoreAbolishing The Death Penalty Is Justified910 Words   |  4 PagesEliminating the Death Penalty According to the Webster’s Dictionary, death means the end of life (Dictionary, 80) and penalty means punishment for any crime or offense (Dictionary, 223). Therefore, by definition the death penalty means the end of a life due to punishment for a crime or offense. The death penalty is started with the Code of King Hammurabi’s in the eighteenth century B.C. This code consisted of 282 laws that stressed justice as clearly stated in the opening of the code, An eye forRead MoreDeath Penalty Is The End Of Life906 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the Webster’s Dictionary, death means the end of life (Dictionary, 80) and penalty means punishment for any crime or offense (Dictionary, 223). Therefore, by definition the death penalty means the end of a life due to punishment for a crime or offense. The death penalty is started with the Code of King Hammurabi’s in the eighteenth century B.C. This code consisted of 282 laws that stressed justice as clearly state d in the opening of the code, An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a toothRead More Pro Death Penalty Essay965 Words   |  4 PagesCapital punishment and the practice of the death penalty is an issue that is passionately debated in the United States. Opponents of the death penalty claim that capital punishment is unnecessary since a life sentence accomplishes the same objective. What death penalty opponents neglect to tell you is that convicted murders and child rapists escape from prison every year(List of prison escapes, 2015). As I write this essay, police are searching for two convicted murders who escaped from the ClintonRead MoreThe Execution Of An Inmate Essay867 Words   |  4 PagesTeresa A Zimmers led a team of medical researchers for PLoS Medical Journal. Their research revealed a number of occasions of botched executions; they concluded â€Å"the conventional view of lethal injection leading to an invariably peaceful and painless death is questionable† (646). The observation of botched executions brings into question the humaneness of lethal injection. California is in a legal and economic crisis in regards to capital punishment, I will argue that California push for the repealRead MoreShould Capital Punishment Be Allowed?1376 Words   |  6 PagesEffectiveness in Death Penalty Over the past forty-years, 1,421 executions have been conducted by thirty-one states and the federal government under the capital punishment sentence (â€Å"Facts About the Death Penalty†). Throughout those years however, controversial opinions have aroused on whether the capital punishment should be permitted, its success on reflecting a deterrent effect, and even its morality. Although it is often argued that Capital punishment is appropriate when the crime reaches anRead MoreThe Apostle Paul s Writing884 Words   |  4 PagesGod, and that God made man in His own image. Paul also expounds on man’s relationship with God as well as with other creations, and on culture. Paul reveals God’s love for mankind, man’s sinful condition, resulting in him rightly deserving the penalty of death, God’s amazing grace and his plan of redemption. The Natural World 150-200 In Genesis 1:1-25, the natural world was spoken into being by God the Father (Creator) and He stated â€Å"all that He created was good† (Genesis 1:31). Romans 1:20-21 statesRead MoreCapital Punishment : A Form Of Legal Punishment Essay1672 Words   |  7 PagesCapital punishment implies that the criminal is sentenced to death as a punishment for their crimes. Prima facie, it appears to be the most just punishment and solution to crimes that demand such severity of punishment in proportion to the offense. However, the reason why it is a moot point and a debatable issue is because ethicists see both sides of the story and there are numerous ethical issues involved with institutionalizing capital punishment. To understand the debate on capital punishmentRead MorePublicizing Execution of the Death Penalty Essay1039 Words   |  5 Pagesthe single issue of publicizing execution. For example, Even though Sister Helen Prejean, a spiritual advisor who worked with death row inmates wrote the deeply moving novel Dead Man Walking, her ideas to make a difference may be impractical wishes to others. In addition, Prejean finds the moral cost of death penalty too damaging to tolerate, and thus she believes those death row inmates who have died a thousand times already deserve to die and stop suffering from their anticipation of the finalRead MoreRelationship Between Law And Religion1268 Words   |  6 Pageselderly couple, whom were very much devoted to the ministry of the church, was committed by two psychologically challenged teenage boys, one white and the other Hispanic. Because of the horrific killing, the boys although juveniles, are facing the death penalty. A punishment that Pastor Sarah opposes, and which caused her to stop practicing law. In the case at hand, the law and religious issues should be approached with sensitivity and delicate care since the responses from the community and church

A Guide to Writing Research Papers for Every University Students Free Essays

Research papers are detailed documents containing results of an experiment or investigations. Research papers contain the details of the investigation from the gathering of data, the background of the study, materials or procedures in arriving with such conclusions and most importantly the recording and analysis of the results. According to Thomas R. We will write a custom essay sample on A Guide to Writing Research Papers for Every University Students or any similar topic only for you Order Now Brown1, research papers make statements then attempt to prove it by doing current research, it enables the student to pursue his own specific interests within a given area of study. Thus, research papers helps the student stimulate thinking in discovering and sharing his findings with the aid of a paper. There are a lot to consider in writing a research paper, the thesis statement, the citing of the references, grammar, making the necessary footnotes and of course the selection of the topic. What every student should know is that a research paper can only be realized once a topic is selected. Usually the selection of the topic depends upon the researcher and the course of subject regarding the topic he wishes to undertake. It is best to read several articles regarding the topic to understand fully the topic with no difficulty. But a researcher must bear in mind that whatever topic he chooses, he must be certain that the researcher takes interest in the topic, he must select a topic that is not too broad so that references will be easy to find and most importantly the researcher will go to extreme measures in order to complete the research sacrificing time, the use of money and the need for energy. Once a preferred topic is selected, an outline or project plan is made where random thoughts and ideas of the researcher are arranged so that the creation of the paper will easily follow. Then the researcher will make the draft. It is advisable to make the draft with the aid of the computer so that revisions and modifications will not be hard. The draft contains the research itself but it is still subjected to revisions, it also contains your thesis statement.   A   thesis statement   tells what the research paper   is about   and its significance and. 1 â€Å"the rearch paper.† Thomas R. Brown. June 12, 2004, on mywebpages. 06 Jun. 2007 http://mywebpages.comcast.net/tbrown117735MI/researchpaper.html. what the researcher intends to verify. The thesis statement must not be too broad so that specific issues can be discussed thoroughly. In the words of Zachary M. Schurg2, a thesis is an argument that can be supported by evidence, and it must have three qualities: interpretation, precision, and surprise. In interpretation, the statement must explain what the paper intends to prove thus answering the question â€Å"why†. The second element in a thesis statement, precision, deals with the discussion of facts with accuracy which further explains the research paper. And the last element, surprise, a thesis statement must present revelations regarding the subject that the reader does not know in order to catch the researcher’s attention and give the research value. Example of a thesis statement is: Children nowadays do not stay children, effects of the society and the media may have caused such behavior in children. Since the thesis statement is indeed a statement, it must not be in a form of a question. This statement only requires two to three sentences. The thesis statement is usually found in the introductory paragraph. The only problem now is how to write the paper in such a fashion that everyone can understand it. Research papers, like all important documents containing information, follows rules in order to be understood by those who take interest in the topic. Generally the research paper, have margins of 1† on top, bottom and right side, and 1.5 â€Å"on the right side. The researcher must write with double line spacing with the exemption of quotations and the list of reference. And the paper must observe font size should be 10 points or larger, Times New Roman. Page numbers should also be observed upon making the paper and must be reflected on the upper right of the paper. The paper should be justified. And of course in writing important documents of research and information grammar should be observed to avoid ridicule and mockery of the paper. How to cite A Guide to Writing Research Papers for Every University Students, Essays

One with the Land of the Calm free essay sample

It was with a jolt that we came back to reality of time, location, and purpose. My family and I traveled from Minneapolis anxiously awaiting our arrival in Seoul, Korea, a city halfway around the world. This was not a typical family vacation. We weren’t here to sing along to K-Pop or go to an amusement park, but to find answers to questions that all link back to a singular word: adoption. After we contemplated the why of our anxieties, we were ready to face the who. Would my brother and I feel one with the sea of black hair or feel inferior as we knew very few Korean customs, and even less of the Korean language. We also wondered how our parents would cope as outsiders, intruders even, to this world where there seemed to be a unity of color. Questions, questions, and the plaguing question regarding my sense of self. We will write a custom essay sample on One with the Land of the Calm or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After a few days in Seoul, we made two visits that struck me as extremely different than anything in the United States. The first was a visit to an orphanage for disabled children, a dump for the unwanted who would inevitably stay in the orphanage for the rest of their lives. My family and I met with a mentally handicapped boy who continually drooled. Only one thing set him apart—his disability. In the United States such a disability would not be seen as utterly debilitating or a scar on one’s family as it is in Korea. I could have easily been one of those little children with no future, a very limited education, and nothing to look forward to. The second was a visit to a home for expecting mothers whose families did not know of their plight. In Korea women are looked down open, almost to the point of utter disgust, if they are pregnant and not married. These two visits made me feel utterly gracious for my birthmother who dropped me off at an adoption agency, and not some hapless orphanage. These feelings of gratitude conflicted with feelings of betrayal because of her refusal to meet me. I wonder what she looks like. I wonder if she had other children. Do I have other brothers and sisters? I want answers. Answers that fill the void that she created 17 years ago. Upset as I was with her for that, I also understood why she could not meet me. Visiting Korea makes it possible for me to connect with other people’s lives. I relate with others on a more personal level because I can understand their difficulties and empathize with their struggles. Because of this I have become a grateful, forgiving woman who devotes her time to serving others at Camp Sonshine and Encounter the Gospel of Life. I offer a sense of belonging since I have had to find my niche both in Korea and in the United States.

The Atlanta Exposition Address Essays - Booker T. Washington

The Atlanta Exposition Address The Atlanta Exposition Address The Atlanta Exposition Address is the fortieth chapter of Booker T. Washington's autobiography. This autobiography was called Up From Slavery and it was written in 1901. The chapter begins by telling the reader that Booker T. Washington, the author, was in the Atlanta Exposition representing the Negro enterprise and Negro civilization. He then describes how he gave a brief speech to the white and black community, and then continues by writing about some personal experiences and his point of view on some particular issues. Some of these experiences and issues include the outcome of his speech, how he meets and thinks about the President of the United States, the invitation to be a judge in an educational contest, the Negro ministry, and voting. In this chapter, Booker T. Washington's main theme is how two different races can live together in order to achieve progress. In his persuasive speech, he tries to convince black and white people that they should give their best for the prosperity of the South. He also tries to persuade people to make friends, no matter what their skin color or place of birth is. He emphasizes that if two different races can get to the point where they can trust each other, then they will be surrounded by the most patient, faithful, law-abiding, and unresentful people that the world has ever seen. The fact that Up From Slavery is an autobiography clearly indicates that the book's point of view is in first person. The reader can make sure of this by noticing that Booker T. Washington, the author, is the one who tells the reader what is going on, what he thinks about life, what his feelings are, and what he thinks about other people. In this chapter the reader can encounter some insights that will evoke feelings. In other words, a great deal of emotion is involved. An example of these insights would be when Booker T. Washington, the next day of the Atlanta Exposition, was surprised to find himself pointed out and surrounded by a crowd of men who whished to shake his hand. In order for the reader to feel something, he needs to understand that the author was black, and in that time, black people used to be slaves. The reader needs to know the author had never felt something like that in his life. By being black, nobody cared about him before until that moment. I think that in this chapter there are some very interesting and brilliant ideas. I actually thought that black people were illiterate, but now I know I'm wrong. I thought that they were illiterate because, just as the author described the Negro ministry, a race with a few years out of slavery had no time or opportunity to educate themselves. I really think that Booker T. Washington was an honest, sincere, and extremely smart person. In order to think about life they way he did, that requires wisdom and not everyone has it. English Essays

Business Analysis of the Star City Complex Essay Example

Business Analysis of the Star City Complex Essay Example Business Analysis of the Star City Complex Essay Business Analysis of the Star City Complex Essay Star City is a newly built complex which is a business which provides more then entertainment. Star City has a 30-screen cinema complex and seats up to 5823 people. That is only the cinema complex. It can also accompany for all of the shops and the other types of entertainment that it offers. Its main business is selling tickets to fill up their cinema complex, the biggest in the United Kingdom. It also has family entertainment, and youth entertainment. There are clubs and bars were many youths go to enjoy a good night out. After including all of the restaurants and the nightclubs, and the cinema complex, and the fitness gym and the overall family bowling and entertainment complex, I think that it would be correct to assume that these are the main incomes of the Star City complex. The individual shops, which rent land on the complex, also have to pay the people who own the Star City Complex to use the land. This is also another income, which is received, even though it isnt as obvious. Unlike many of the other cinemas, there is a wide range of people who visit the complex. Youths and adults and teenagers visit the complex. The reason for this is because, there is a lot to do for all of the different age ranges. People can do as they please, and use the services available. There is more then a cinema, so, people also visit the complex for other reasons, besides to watch films. I would have thought that there are more teenagers and youths under the age 0f 25 who go and visit the complex, rather then the over 40s. Star City also shows Asian films, this means that there is also a mixed race at Star City, unlike other cinemas that do not offer this service. The Business first started to promote it self via T. V and Radio, and the word of mouth. These days, the people who own Star City no longer have to promote their business as much, because many people who use Star City already know about it, and those who dont soon hear about via word of mouth. This is a very good thing for the owners of Star City that is because, they do not have to invest as much money into promoting their business. They must promote the latest films and things like that, but they do not need to tell the public that there is a Star City. Star City advertises itself in the local newspaper. The local newspaper has a page full of the three main cinemas in the area. From the paper, we can see that Star City clearly has more films then any of its competitors, and it also has the latest in Asian movies. We can also see that there is more cinema times whom various films (Mainly the latest releases), which is more convenient for some people. They can show more showings of the film, because they have thirty screens, this is much more then any of its competitors. Each of the above has its advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of having multiple amounts of showing times for various films is that, more people who cant see a certain film at a certain time now can, because Star City shows them more frequently. This will attract more viewers to the cinema, and to the complex. I dont think that it is possible to say that there is a disadvantage to the above situation. The people who are responsible for the advertisements are most likely a team/group of professionals who are good at advertising such a big business like Star City. They are most likely to be a very good team who have had great success in the past, and have shown to be effective, i. . boost sales and profits. That is the main reason why advertisements, are used, to attract the members of the public, who will spend money at your shop which inevitably will increase profits. A lot of thought goes into what should be advertised, it is important that the correct information is showed to the public. There would be no point for Star City to spend millions of pounds on a advertisement if it fails to attract people to the complex. That is the reason why a lot of thought is gone into advertisement, and that is also why professional people are needed to make the advertisements. Another way in which the business can be advertised is via websites. I believe that Star City currently have their own website at: warnervillage. co. uk. This is an excellent site that is very helpful not only to those people who are using the Star City complex but other cinemas around the country. You can easily and quickly access film information and timings for films. If you require the service to book online then you can, it is a really good service, which is protected as well to insure Internet security. I believe that even though Star City has loads of advertisements all over the country, expanding on the Internet would be a really good idea. They currently have the website set up, but they havent publicised too much. I think that they should research, and find out which are the most popular and most frequently visited websites and then set up a hyperlink through the website to the Star City website. It is obvious that they would have to research in the . co. uk websites. This is another form of advertising, which the people who are in charge of advertisements should consider. They currently dont have any hyperlinks connecting another website to their own. I think that they should do this. The reason why I think that they should do this, is because, many people use the Internet now in the modern world. Those people who do use the Internet quite frequently will then know about Star City and they may then visit it if they live near or find it interesting. They havent advertised it like this using hyperlinks before, so I am not sure whether it would work, but I would have thought that it would work.

Business ethics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business ethics - Assignment Example The mid 1900 brought a remarkable change in the attitude of the people of the United States towards society and business. Towards the end of the decade, dramatic acceleration of interest towards business ethics can be found within the big corporations as well as within academia. After the World War II the United States rose to the position of a dominant economic power in the globe. Multinational corporations based in America were expanding in size and increasing in importance. The public image of the business world steadily got altered with big businesses replacing small and medium-sized businesses. Corporations progressively started to find them more subject to public scrutiny and open criticism. This led them to respond to this changing scenario by turning sincerely to the needs of the society and developing a solid impression of social responsibility. With this initiative, corporate organizations started to launch various programs encompassing their responsibility towards the soci ety. Companies began to spend considerable sum of money for advertising these programs and for the promotion of the social benefit produced by these programs (George, 2012). All companies come into business and function with a profit maximization objective. However, it is important for corporate organizations to acknowledge that this objective has to be fulfilled along with the fulfilment of the social responsibility of the organizations; this necessitates the adherence to business ethics. Although providing high returns to the company’s shareholders remains the prime objective for any business firm, the concept of business ethics advocates that these objectives cannot be achieved at the cost of moral, environmental and social considerations. A long-term business can only prosper if it successfully satisfies the needs of the other stakeholders in the society, such as employees, customers, communities and the governments. Also, long term goals of the organization can come true if its activities are sustainable and do not contradict with the requirements of the environment. Absolute and relative ethics The concepts of 'absolute' ethics and 'relative' ethics are defined with respect to morality. Theory of absolute ethics indicates that it would not alter with change in time. Therefore, absolute ethics are universal and ever-unchanging. Theory of ethics allows ethical issues to be judged with reference to the respective environment in which the theory is applied. Relative ethics is hence flexible and context specific (Spencer, 2010). According to some experts, in the real world, there is no such existence of the concept of absolute ethics (Francis and Mishra, 2009). Ethics reveal the characteristics of an individual and therefore the ethical considerations of a firm reflect the characteristics of the firm, which is actually a collection of several individuals. Since ethical inquiry seeks justification of the actions of the firm’s actions, and because every action has an outcome that are often found to be varied in varied environments, business ethics is relative in nature (Agalgatti and Krishna, 2007). It is important

Separation of power in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Separation of power in the UK - Essay Example The principle of separation of powers had leveraged many constitution makers, philosophers like Montesquieu whom all had intense thinking to this maxim. Even though the United Kingdom constitution is unwritten, it is a golden doctrine of separation of powers for other countries to follow. Back in 1748, Montesquieu- a French jurist- put forward his hypothesis that â€Å"there can be no freedom† and thought, â€Å"Everything would terminate if the judicial, legislative and executive powers of the government were to be involved by the same individual or authority. In the United Kingdom, the law is separated into three powers; judicial, executive and legislative. The judiciary plays an important role in United Kingdom politics. The judiciary comprises of, the royal court, Supreme Court, crown court and the magistrate courts. It should be apolitical, and any rulings made, for instance on government legislation, must be in a free and fair manner without any element of political bias (Lovell, 2003; p 54). Nevertheless, different aspects about Judiciary raise a string of questions lately: judicial supremacy, judicial independence and judicial neutrality. The courts of England are Crown Court’s jurisdiction is strong because of the power of the Crown. The executive oversees the function of the Crown with relevance to Royal prerogative. The executive has no right to delay the process of common justice. It is a law that goes back down the memory lane over a century ago. Moreover, the executive has no mandate to pressure judges. Especially into acting in ways other than impartiality. In the Act of settlement in 1701, judges in higher courts had the privilege of remaining judges as long as they had shown â€Å"good behavior†. If they were guilty of bad behavior then a legal approach to have them fired was an option. For the large number of judges, there is no such thing. Thus, it guarantees them a security of tenure within their

Sales and Investment Fraud Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sales and Investment Fraud - Essay Example Investment frauds are the sale of fraudulent and worthless investments to unsuspecting investors. Sales of worthless partnership interests and telephone marketing frauds are among the common categories of investment frauds (Albrecht, Albrecht and Albrecht 2009, p12). When sales and investment frauds occur, investors, the government, and customers are bound to lose financially in one way or another. According to the Federal Trading Commission (FTC) (2011), investment fraud represents over 50% of consumer dollar injury noted by the organization’s Telemarketing Complaint System. The organization notes that on average, consumers lost 15,000 USD per fraud. In 1996, the organization challenged a case in which fraudsters made more than 100 million USD in total from several consumers over the period in which the scams occurred (Federal Trading Commission 2011). When investments and sales frauds are committed, in many cases a breach of taxation regulations also occur. This means that the government gets to lose valuable incomes as the fraudsters never remit taxes from illegal activities. Investment frauds such as insider trading can impact greatly on the performance of a company in the capital markets. People start distrusting investment companies since they fear that they may be defrauded. Similarly, when the public becomes aware of cases of sales frauds leading to a company’s poor reputation, the company is bound to encounter reduced sales as customers opt for other suppliers. The loss of reputation can negatively impact the company’s performance in the stock markets. In this type of fraud, the early investors are paid with assets of the later investor and thus they tend to believe they have great investments and tell their friends, family, and associates. The phenomenon is capable of creating many customers.  

Impacts of Green Revolution on Environment

Impacts of Green Revolution on Environment Effects of green revolution on environment Green revolution refers mainly to dramatic increases in cereal grain yields in most of the developing countries. It can also be defined as the renovation of agricultural practices which began in Mexico in the 1940s. it started spreading to other parts of the globe in the 1950s and 1960s as a result of the success in producing more agricultural products and hence increasing the amount of calories produced per acre of agricultural land. Researchers in Mexico developed broadly adapted, short stemmed and disease resistant wheats that did extremely well in converting fertilizers and water into high yields. The seeds improved were instrumental in boosting Mexican wheat production and averted famine in India and Pakistan. The abandoning of the chemical farming to adapt the organic farming which is fossil fuel driven has resulted to amazing increases in productivity , restoration of depleted soils, returning vibrant health for the farmers which had been affected by the chemicals in the ferti lizers and pesticides and a greater diversity of crops both within and between species. Green revolution has led to a situation where the worlds population can harvest more than 90% of its food calories from a meager 15 species of crops. Green revolution had also positive economic results. Since crops under high yield varieties needed more water, more fertilizer, more pesticides, fungicides and other certain chemicals. This spurred the growth of the local manufacturing sector such industrial growth created new jobs and contributed to the countries gross domestic product. The increase in irrigation created need for new dams to harness water. The water stored was used to create hydroelectric power and this in turn boosted industrial growth, created new jobs and improved their standards of living. Green revolution had negative impacts. Despite the rapidly expanding global food supplies there is also a large population still starving. This technology was made available only to rich but the poor farmers were left out due to the expenditure incurred in adapting the new technology. The poor farmers cant afford to buy fertilizers and other input in volume, water is a limiting factor in the farming and irrigation is out of reach for the poor farmer since they cant afford. The use of chemical fertilizers depletes the soils natural fertility and pesticides generates resistant pests farmers need more fertilizers and pesticides to achieve the same results. Green evolution is not ecologically sustainable. Researches conducted showed that after achieving dramatic increases in the early stages of the technological transformations yields began falling in several green revolution areas. An example is in Philippines, Central Luzon where the rice yields grew steadily during the 1970s got to its peak in the early 1980s and the yields have been decreasing steadily since then. Due to green revolution we have lost many of our agricultural biodiversity .when the farmers opted to plant the new improved crop varieties and raise the new cross breeds of livestock many traditional local varieties became extinct. The widespread use of pesticides and other agro-chemicals has lead to severe environmental degradation and endangered public health. The worldwide use of chemicals fertilizers has degraded the soil which results to loss of humus; the soil becomes cracked sand the water retaining capacity decreases. Green revolution was an expensive technology a nd hence for them to adopt it they had to get credit facilities and some ended up into large debts. Large scale monoculture farming is the growing of one single crop type over a wide area. Monoculture can lead to wide spread of diseases and affects the soil fertility since the continuous depletion one a particular nutrients from the soil without change. In monoculture cycles of nutrients, water, energy and wastes have become open opposed to closed as in a natural ecosystem. Despite the substantial amounts of crop residues and manure produced in farms, it has become more and more difficult to recycle the nutrients in the agricultural system. Animal wastes cannot economically be recycled to the land in a nutrient recycling process because the production systems are remote geographically from the other cycles which can complete the cycle. Soil fertility is the key factor in the green evolution technology .the high yields achieved due to green evolution is geared by fertile soils which results due to use of chemicals .wide spread of green evolution and large scale monoculture has resul ted to soil infertility such that the soil cannot produce on its own. Large scale monoculture has lead to increased yields due to lack of competition from other plant species but as time goes by the soil fertility of land/soil reduces due over exhaustion. Large scale is monoculture has increased recently and is boosting the economy due to high yields but it is posing danger in the future due to increased soil infertility. Apart from green evolution and large scale monoculture there are other ways which can be used to ensure sustainable food to the worlds growing population. Sustainable agriculture can provide a solution to the problem of limited resources and the challenge to achieve global food security. There are three sides to sustainable agriculture. Sustainable agriculture has environmental, economic and social dimensions and all of these must be considered. Focusing ad upgrading the natural environment is fundamental and dealing with issues like climate change, water scarcity, soil degradation, energy and biodiversity. The social dimension of sustainable agriculture encompasses labor rights and health of communities inclusive of access and affordability of food, community health and labor rights. Sustainable agriculture on the economic side is productive, competitive and efficient. Sustainable agriculture practices and programs help businesses in ensuring a reliable supply of food and open new o pportunities. This essay described the impact of green revolution on the environment. Climate change effects for agriculture are serious in that crops are exposed to quite different conditions from those suit them and hence productivity is greatly affected. Maximize land use by doing land reclamation .the availability of fertile land will be essential for healthy crops and livestock and also promotes biodiversity, filtering and efficient use of water, avoiding nutrients run-off. Fertile land acts as a carbon sink minimizing the forces of climate change. Pest management is essential for preserving the abundance and diversity of native species and for ensuring the quality and agricultural yields sustainability. Biodiversity protection has main concerns in various agricultural practices and businesses are exploring ways to be productive as well as maintaining and upgrading biodiversity. The social aspect of ensuring sustainable agriculture is by ensuring that farmers receive returns which are fair, a nd that high quality labor conditions exist throughout the chain of supply. Access to education, training and health for laborers and their families can be facilitated by businesses. Ensuring sustainable agriculture can also be achieved by maintaining a food supply which is safe .by doing this a goal of the majority of various producers, distributors and processors is achieved. By ensuring animal welfare is maintained agricultural sustainability can be achieved. Livestock being the central element of farming they play a vital role in meeting both productivity and sustainability objectives.

Father Roles Heaney Essay -- essays papers

Father Roles Heaney Father Roles There are many factors that will shape a young boy’s life, but possibly none more important than the role of that boy’s father. Seamus Heaney and Theodore Roethke both have shown the importance of the father role in their poems â€Å"Digging† and â€Å"My Papas Waltz.† Although the roles of the fathers in these poems were different, the respect and admiration shown by their sons is one in the same. Weather it is Heaney’s father digging under his window, or Roehtke’s father dancing him around as a little boy, the love shown in these two poems, shows a direct relation on the lives they shared with their fathers. Heaney’s poem, â€Å"Digging† showed that while the boy still loved his father, he did not wish to carry on the tradition of potato digging that had been in his family for generations. For example, Heaney wrote that he had â€Å"no spade to follow men like them†(Spence par 1). This quote states that Heaney, although loving his father, did not think he could carry on the tradition. Heaney remembers the way he would bring his grandfather a glass of milk, and would drink the entire bottle, and then would watch his grandfather fall to work once again. This brings about the fact that while still caring a great deal for his father and grandfather, he still would prefer the path of a writer (Glover 542). Ultimately, Heaney chose not to â€Å"follow men like them†, and chose instead on becoming a writer. This is backed up later in the poem when Heaney writes â€Å"Between my finger and my thumb/The squat pen rests/I’ll dig with it.† Heaney had alwa ys watched his father from the upstairs window while he dug, and Heaney would watch and write, and this fanned the fire for Heaney’s desire to become a writer (Pellegrio pa... ...and Theodore Roehtke both had fathers who were hard working, involved men, but both having taken the time to show their sons the attention and love that they deserved. The impact that the fathers played in these poets lives will always be remembered in the poems â€Å"Digging† and â€Å"My Papas Waltz.† Between the lines of these two poems, you can see the importance that Seamus Heaney, and Theodore Roehtke’s fathers played in their sons lives, by showing them love, and compassion, no matter what hey had chosen to do. Weather it was simply bringing his dad a glass of milk, or dancing around the kitchen without ever wanting to let go, the role of father is one of the biggest roles a man can ever accept. â€Å"Digging† and My Papas Waltz† are two great examples of how much difference a father makes if he shows warmth, love, compassion, and possibly most important, understanding.